The clinical manifestations of the history of diabetes, kidney damage and the degree of glomerular sclerosis were positively correlated. A trace of albuminuria, history of diabetes has 5 ~ 6 years more, clinical diagnosis of early diabetic nephropathy, without any clinical symptoms; About 80% of patients for clinical diabetic nephropathy in 10 years development, the quantitative is greater than 0.5 g / 24 h urine protein, usually without obvious hematuria, clinical performance for edema, high blood pressure; Once a persistent proteinuria, accompanied by loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting, anemia, suggest there has been a chronic renal insufficiency.
Second, the physical examination findings
Different degree of high blood pressure, edema, serious when can appear ascites and pleural effusion. More merger diabetic retinopathy.
Third, auxiliary examination
(1) glycosuria qualitative screening diabetes is a kind of simple and easy method, but in diabetic nephropathy can appear false negative or false positives, so the determination of glucose is the main basis of diagnosis.
(2) the rate of urinary albumin excretion (UAE) 20 ~ 200 mu g/min, is one of the important indices for diagnosis of early diabetic nephropathy. When UAE lasting more than 200 mu g/min or routine urine protein positive (quantitative is greater than 0.5 g / 24 h urine protein), namely the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. Urinary sediment generally change is not obvious, more white tip urinary tract infection; A large number of red blood cells, suggesting there may be other reasons caused by blood in the urine.
(3) late diabetic nephropathy, endogenous creatinine clearance and blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, increased.
(4) radionuclide dynamic renal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and ultrasound measurement of renal volume increases, in accordance with early diabetic nephropathy. GFR in uremia significantly decreased, but often no obvious narrow kidney volume.
(5) of fundus examination, if necessary, fluorescence fundus angiography, visible microaneurysm fundus diseases such as diabetes.
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