Nursing measures of acute pulmonary edema

Acute pulmonary edema can be divided into cardiac and non cardiac category. The former is the most common pulmonary edema, the most important type. Of acute pulmonary edema were described in this article refers to the cardiac. Due to urgent onset of the acute pulmonary edema, development is fast, in a critical condition, if not take timely measures, case fatality rate is high. Therefore, timely and effective nursing care, to improve the rescue success rate plays an important role in this patient with acute pulmonary edema.
1. The rescue program
A, notify the doctor immediately, ready to save items and comfort patients.
B, an immediate oxygen inhalation: double cavity, when administering oxygen inhalation through nasal catheter or mask oxygen concentration 100%, initial flow 6-8 litres/min, with 30% 50% alcohol wet, continuous or discontinuous suction;Severe oxygen mask pressure available to oxygen, inhaled oxygen concentration from 40% to 60%, such as PaO2 less than 60 MMHG or PaCO2 progressive rise, can use endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation.
2. Reduce cardiac load as soon as possible
A, immediately assist client to sitting, double lower limbs sag
B, symptoms light available morphine 5-10 mg subcutaneous or intramuscular injection;Serious 3 minutes slow intravenous morphine for 3 to 5 mg, 15 min can be repeated if necessary
C, diuretics, 30 min 40 mg intravenous furosemide, medication is invalid, can increase the dose of repeated injections.
D, the application of vasodilators.
3. Life care
A, monitoring changes of blood gas analysis and electrolyte
B, liquid and sodium restriction, adjust the intake according to the daily urine output
C, necessary monitoring pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, normal 6-12 MMHG.

D, close observation of patients' mind, breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, urine output, complexion change and record in time.